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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Prometheus vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Prometheus vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelSearch engineRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.14
Rank#178  Overall
#80  Relational DBMS
Score7.69
Rank#50  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlprometheus.iogithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlprometheus.io/­docs
DeveloperElasticMicrosoftOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)8Kdata
Initial release20102019198420152016
Current release8.6, January 2023cloud service with continuous releases7.4.1.1, 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaGoJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedHP Open VMSLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesNumeric data onlyyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono infoImport of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoby FederationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop ConnectorSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoyes, on a single nodenono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
ElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle RdbPrometheusToroDB
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