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DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. GraphDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. GraphDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Well established RDBMSSearch-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelSearch engineGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSSearch engineRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitewww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.ontotext.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchrdf4j.org
Technical documentationwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingreslearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchrdf4j.org/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperElasticOntotextActian CorporationMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release201020001974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20152004
Current release8.6, January 202310.4, October 202311.2, May 2022V1
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoElastic Licensecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagestored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesnono
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languages.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyesnoyes
Triggersyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsES-Hadoop Connectornononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Memcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing Azure authenticationno
More information provided by the system vendor
ElasticsearchGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIngresMicrosoft Azure AI SearchRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
ElasticsearchGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMIngresMicrosoft Azure AI SearchRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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