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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. TigerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.83
Rank#139  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.comwww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.comdocs.tigergraph.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationStardog-Union
Initial release2018201420102017
Current release0.10, February 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ScalaJavaC++
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServerSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes
Triggersnonoyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes inforelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAccess rights for users and rolesRole-based access control

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More resources
DuckDBSpark SQLStardogTigerGraph
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