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DBMS > DuckDB vs. RavenDB vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. RavenDB vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgravendb.netspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsravendb.net/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperHibernating RhinosApache Software Foundation8Kdata
Initial release2018201020142016
Current release1.0.0, June 20245.4, July 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C#ScalaJava
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (RQL)SQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesno
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replicationnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availablenono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAuthorization levels configured per client per databasenoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
DuckDBRavenDBSpark SQLToroDB
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