DBMS > DuckDB vs. Lovefield vs. PouchDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Lovefield vs. PouchDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

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Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	2.34
Rank	#112	Overall
	#21	Document stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

duckdb.org

google.github.io/lovefield

pouchdb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

pouchdb.com/guides

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2018

2014

2012

2019

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

7.1.1, June 2019

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

Clojure

Server operating systems

server-less

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST

only for PouchDB Server
JavaScript API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

JavaScript

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

also with CouchDB databases
Source-replica replication

also with CouchDB databases

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

MotherDuck Announces General Availability; Brings Simplicity and Power of DuckDB in a Serverless Data Warehouse
11 June 2024, PR Newswire

DuckDB: The tiny but powerful analytics database
15 May 2024, InfoWorld

DuckDB promises greater stability with 1.0 release
5 June 2024, The Register

DuckDB: In-Process Python Analytics for Not-Quite-Big Data
31 May 2024, The New Stack

DuckDB Walks to the Beat of Its Own Analytics Drum
5 March 2024, Datanami

provided by Google News

Building an Offline First App with PouchDB — SitePoint
10 March 2014, SitePoint

Create Offline Web Apps Using Service Workers & PouchDB — SitePoint
7 March 2017, SitePoint

3 Reasons To Think Offline First
22 March 2017, IBM

Getting Started with PouchDB Client-Side JavaScript Database — SitePoint
7 September 2016, SitePoint

Offline-first web and mobile apps: Top frameworks and components
22 January 2019, TechBeacon

provided by Google News

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