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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Splice Machine vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Splice Machine vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSplice Machine  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWell established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerOpen-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and SparkA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score3.63
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.54
Rank#244  Overall
#114  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticssplicemachine.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticssplicemachine.com/­how-it-works
DeveloperActian CorporationMicrosoftSplice Machine8Kdata
Initial release20181974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201620142016
Current release1.0.0, June 202412.0, July 20243.1, March 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsserver-lessAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C#
Java
PHP
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesTransact SQLyes infoJava
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningShared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar PartitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneIngres ReplicatoryesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoYes, via Full Spark Integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoMVCCyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
DuckDBIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSplice MachineToroDB
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