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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlduckdb.org/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2013201820122019
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.10, February 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinuxserver-lesshostedAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonono
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signatures

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDuckDBMicrosoft Azure Table StorageXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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