DBMS > DuckDB vs. H2 vs. HugeGraph vs. VictoriaMetrics vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. H2 vs. HugeGraph vs. VictoriaMetrics vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

A fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	1.32
Rank	#162	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

duckdb.org

www.h2database.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

victoriametrics.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

docs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/wiki

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Baidu

VictoriaMetrics

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2018

2005

2018

2019

Current release

0.10, February 2024

2.2.220, July 2023

0.9

v1.91, May 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

server-less

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Unix

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Java

Groovy
Java
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Synchronous replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions

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