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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comravendb.netwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationravendb.net/­docsdocs.stardog.com
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextHibernating RhinosStardog-Union
Initial release20182017200020102010
Current release1.0.0, June 202410.4, October 20235.4, July 20227.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC#Java
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query language (RQL)Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnononoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Authorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBGoogle Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMRavenDBStardog
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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