DBMS > DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Sequoiadb vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Sequoiadb vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	0.45
Rank	#261	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#122	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

duckdb.org

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.sequoiadb.com

spark.apache.org/sql

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Apache Software Foundation

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2018

2008

2013

2014

2010

Current release

0.10, February 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Scala

Java

Server operating systems

server-less

hosted

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language (GQL)

SQL-like query language

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

proprietary protocol using JSON

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

Java
Python
R
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

JavaScript

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Source-replica replication

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

Document is locked during a transaction

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

simple password-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

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