DBMS > DuckDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. HyperSQL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Google BigQuery vs. HyperSQL vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

duckdb.org

cloud.google.com/bigquery

hsqldb.org

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

duckdb.org/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2018

2010

2001

2014

Current release

1.0.0, June 2024

2.7.2, June 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

server-less

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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