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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenSearch

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenSearch

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenSearch  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.61
Rank#60  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score13.60
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score16.31
Rank#36  Overall
#4  Search engines
Websiteduckdb.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­opensearch-project
opensearch.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-exploreropensearch.org/­docs/­latest
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftAmazon Web Services
Initial release2018201220192021
Current release1.0.0, June 2024cloud service with continuous releases2.5.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsserver-lesshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby infoElasticsearch client
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoby using the 'percolation' feature
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesAzure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenSearch
Specific characteristicsOpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more
Competitive advantagesDistributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more
Typical application scenariosThe OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsThe OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

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DuckDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenSearch
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