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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Weaviate

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engine
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.44
Rank#44  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Score123.81
Rank#9  Overall
#1  Search engines
#1  Vector DBMS
Score1.95
Rank#115  Overall
#10  Vector DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperElasticWeaviate B.V.
Initial release201820102019
Current release1.0.0, June 20248.6, January 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaGo
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesno
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectorno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesMemcached and Redis integrationyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

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More resources
DuckDBElasticsearchWeaviate
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Recent citations in the news

Hands-On Exploratory Data Analysis with DuckDB
13 May 2025, Packt

Streamlining access to tabular datasets stored in Amazon S3 Tables with DuckDB | Amazon Web Services
18 March 2025, Amazon Web Services

Abusing DuckDB-WASM To Create Doom In SQL
23 April 2025, Hackaday

DuckDB project releases Local web UI, but not as open source
19 March 2025, devclass

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7 May 2025, devclass

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10 May 2025, Packt

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9 April 2025, Business Wire

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