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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Manticore Search vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Manticore Search vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonManticore Search  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricMulti-storage database for search, including full-text search.RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineSearch engineRDF storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Time Series DBMS infousing the Manticore Columnar LibrarySpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score0.22
Rank#312  Overall
#21  Search engines
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchmanticoresearch.comrdf4j.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlmanual.manticoresearch.comrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperElasticManticore SoftwareSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.OpenLink Software
Initial release20182010201720041998
Current release0.10, February 20248.6, January 20236.0, February 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version 2Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++JavaC
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentFixed schemayes infoRDF Schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesInt, Bigint, Float, Timestamp, Bit, Int array, Bigint array, JSON, Booleanyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoCan index from XMLyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infofull-text index on all search fieldsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languagenoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Binary API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/SQL API
SQL over MySQL
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functionsyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoPartitioning is done manually, search queries against distributed index is supportednoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesSynchronous replication based on Galera librarynoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectornonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyes infoisolated transactions for atomic changes and binary logging for safe writesACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoThe original contents of fields are not stored in the Manticore index.yes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesMemcached and Redis integrationyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnononoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBElasticsearchManticore SearchRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
DuckDBElasticsearchManticore SearchRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
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