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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. LokiJS vs. MarkLogic

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. LokiJS vs. MarkLogic

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.In-memory JavaScript DBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument storeDocument storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.43
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Websiteduckdb.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasegithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSwww.marklogic.com
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasetechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.marklogic.com
DeveloperElasticGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MarkLogic Corp.
Initial release20182010201220142001
Current release0.10, February 20248.6, January 202311.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaScriptC++
Server operating systemsserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMhostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforced
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes infovia viewsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languagenonoyes infoSQL92
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JavaScript APIJava API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'View functions in JavaScriptyes infovia XQuery or JavaScript
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectornoyesyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
noneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoyesno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesMemcached and Redis integrationyesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

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More resources
DuckDBElasticsearchFirebase Realtime DatabaseLokiJSMarkLogic
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