DBMS > Dgraph vs. MySQL vs. RDFox vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. MySQL vs. RDFox vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.39
Rank	#155	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	1029.49
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	0.22
Rank	#305	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#15	RDF stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#330	Overall
	#45	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

www.mysql.com

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

1995

2017

2019

Current release

9.0.0, July 2024

6.0, Septermber 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C and C++

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C
Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

replication via a shared file system

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Roles, resources, and access types

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