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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. Trafodion vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB vs. Trafodion vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMSA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#358  Overall
#36  Graph DBMS
#16  Object oriented DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­servertrafodion.apache.orgvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorertrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.htmlvelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Microsoft8KdataApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HPVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20162019201620142011
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases2.3.0, February 20197.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaC++, JavaC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VMLinuxAny that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.Net
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava Stored Proceduresno
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynonoCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infovia user defined functions and HBaseno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
DgraphMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDBTrafodionVelocityDB
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