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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RavenDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RavenDB vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.39
Rank#155  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#102  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score0.08
Rank#345  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsravendb.nettinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftMicrosoftHibernating Rhinos
Initial release20162019201620102009
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases5.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C#Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesSQL-like query language (RQL)no
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLyesno
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yesMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.none
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationyesAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseno

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More resources
DgraphMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseRavenDBTinkerGraph
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