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DBMS > Dgraph vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iomaxdb.sap.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerravendb.netspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerravendb.net/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997MicrosoftHibernating RhinosApache Software Foundation
Initial release20161984201920102014
Current release7.9.10.12, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases5.4, July 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C#Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (RQL)SQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseno

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More resources
DgraphMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRavenDBSpark SQL
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