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DBMS > Dgraph vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#354  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitedgraph.iowww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervelocitydb.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuidewww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Thomas MuellerMicrosoftVelocityDB IncJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20162005201920112019
Current release2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases7.x1.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC#Clojure
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedAny that supports .NETAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NetHTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.NetClojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyCallbacks are triggered when data changesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
DgraphH2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerVelocityDBXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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