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DBMS > Dgraph vs. H2 vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. H2 vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#104  Overall
#19  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#354  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websitedgraph.iowww.h2database.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlcloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Thomas MuellerIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014MicrosoftVelocityDB Inc
Initial release20162005201020192011
Current release2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases7.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaErlangC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedhostedAny that supports .NET
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaC#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infoatomic operations within a document possiblenoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoOptimistic lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAzure Active Directory AuthenticationBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
DgraphH2IBM CloudantMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVelocityDB
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