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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Spark SQL vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Spark SQL vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#209  Overall
#97  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresspark.apache.org/­sqlvitess.io
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlvitess.io/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleActian CorporationApache Software FoundationThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release201620171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20142013
Current release11.2, May 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 202315.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCScalaGo
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesnoyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres ReplicatornoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerIngresSpark SQLVitess
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