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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonYDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score0.33
Rank#287  Overall
#43  Document stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comhsqldb.orggithub.com/­ydb-platform/­ydb
ydb.tech
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlydb.tech/­en/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleThomas MuellerYandex
Initial release20162017200520012019
Current release2.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like query language (YQL)
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLno
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneActive-passive shard replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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More resources
DgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBYDB
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