DBMS > Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Google BigQuery vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

A distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicity

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

dgraph.io

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/

rdf4j.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-started

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Circonus LLC.

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2010

2017

2004

2019

Current release

V0.10.20, January 2018

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

text, numeric, histograms

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes, in Lua

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

none

Automatic, metric affinity per node

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

configurable replication factor, datacenter aware

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodes

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

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