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DBMS > Dgraph vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Spark SQL vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Spark SQL vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitedgraph.iofirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.tigergraph.com
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Google infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release20162012201920142017
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoScalaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Python
R
Scala
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesyes, based on authentication and database rulesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoRole-based access control

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More resources
DgraphFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpark SQLTigerGraph
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