DBMS > Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Search engine

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	135.35
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Website

dgraph.io

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

orientdb.org

Technical documentation

dgraph.io/docs

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Elastic

Google

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

2016

2010

2011

2014

2010

Current release

8.6, January 2023

1.23, February 2021

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

JavaScript

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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