DBMS > Derby vs. RDF4J vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. RDF4J vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#300	Overall
	#24	Graph DBMS
	#13	RDF stores

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

db.apache.org/derby

rdf4j.org

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

1997

2004

2017

2014

Current release

10.17.1.0, November 2023

6.0, Septermber 2022

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

RDF schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java

Java
PHP
Python

C
Java

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

replication via a shared file system

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

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