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DBMS > Derby vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_Vista  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database serverVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.60
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#259  Overall
#121  Relational DBMS
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedb.apache.org/­derbycloud.google.com/­spannerraima.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.raima.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogleRaima Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release1997201719841998
Current release10.17.1.0, November 202315, June 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedAndroid
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono infoExporting/Importing of XML structures possibleyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJavaGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Proceduresnoyes infobased on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specificationyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Derby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBGoogle Cloud SpannerRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsRaima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantagesDecreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosTypical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersInfor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
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Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsOver 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
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Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing modelsJust as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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News

Raima Unveils RaimaDB 16.0: Elevating Database Performance and User Experience
29 February 2024

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v15, a Powerful Embedded Time Series Database
10 June 2021

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v14.2, a Powerful IoT Edge Embedded Database
8 October 2020

Raima Joins BlackBerry QNX Channel Partner Program to Deliver Safety-Critical and Secure Software Solutions
1 October 2020

Raima Expands Their Reseller Network in Asia
19 May 2020

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Derby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBGoogle Cloud SpannerRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaVirtuoso
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