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DBMS > Derby vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J vs. Realm

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NameDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.71
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websitedb.apache.org/­derbycloud.google.com/­spannerrdf4j.orgrealm.io
Technical documentationdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationrealm.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release1997201720042014
Current release10.17.1.0, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nono
APIs and other access methodsJDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesJavaGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Proceduresnoyesno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersyesnoyesyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noyes

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More resources
Derby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBGoogle Cloud SpannerRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameRealm
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