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DBMS > Derby vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.60
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitedb.apache.org/­derbyfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.h2database.comhsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Thomas MuellerMicrosoft
Initial release19972012200520012019
Current release10.17.1.0, November 20232.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBCAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJavaJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersyesCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Derby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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