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DBMS > Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. VelocityDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFully managed big data interactive analytics platformEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.11
Rank#354  Overall
#37  Graph DBMS
#15  Object oriented DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.stardog.comvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.stardog.comvelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperCognitectMicrosoftStardog-UnionVelocityDB Inc
Initial release2012201920102011
Current release1.0.6735, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases7.3.0, May 20207.x
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaC#
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Any that supports .NET
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
.Net
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infovia event handlersCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesBased on Windows Authentication

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DatomicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerStardogVelocityDB
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