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DBMS > Datomic vs. gStore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. gStore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisongStore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#342  Overall
#34  Graph DBMS
#16  RDF stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comen.gstore.cnazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comen.gstore.cn/­#/­enDocsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperCognitectMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20122016201920162017
Current release1.0.7075, December 20231.2, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinuxhostedhostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIHTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
PHP
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLno
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoUsers, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supportedAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes

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More resources
DatomicgStoreMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNSDb
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