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DBMS > Datomic vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityHigh performance Time Series DBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of KubernetesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.datomic.comkx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comcode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.io/­Architecturedocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCognitectKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20122000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003201620171998
Current release1.0.6735, June 20233.6, May 20187.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureqC++Java, ScalaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language (q)yesSQL-like query languageyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
Java
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functionsTransact SQLnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyes infowith viewsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peershorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replicationyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesUsing Apache Luceneyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnorights management via user accountsyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DatomicKdbMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNSDbVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Performance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Used for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Largest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
DatomicKdbMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNSDbVirtuoso
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