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DBMS > Datomic vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score0.86
Rank#203  Overall
#34  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.h2database.comhsqldb.orgsurrealdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlsurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperCognitectThomas MuellerSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release2012200520012022
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 2023v1.1.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaJavaRust
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
DatomicH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBSurrealDB
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