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DBMS > Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.In-memory JavaScript DBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#260  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docstechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperCognitectGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release20122017201420162017
Current release1.0.7075, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaScriptC++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JavaScript APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScriptC#
Java
PHP
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoView functions in JavaScriptTransact SQLno
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noyes

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More resources
DatomicGoogle Cloud SpannerLokiJSMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNSDb
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