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DBMS > Datomic vs. GBase vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. GBase vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.gbase.cnwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCognitectGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.Thomas MuellerMicrosoft
Initial release2012200420052019
Current release1.0.6735, June 2023GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC, Java, PythonJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoStandard with numerous extensionsyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C#Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peershorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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DatomicGBaseH2Microsoft Azure Data Explorer
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