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DBMS > Datomic vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NSDb vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. EXASOL vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NSDb vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of KubernetesDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#124  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.exasol.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorernsdb.iorethinkdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comwww.exasol.com/­resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorernsdb.io/­Architecturerethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperCognitectExasolMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20122000201920172009
Current release1.0.6735, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJava, ScalaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes: int, bigint, decimal, stringyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
Java
Lua
Python
R
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Scala
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoHadoop integrationSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesUsing Apache Luceneyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infousers and table-level permissions

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More resources
DatomicEXASOLMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNSDbRethinkDB
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