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DBMS > Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comduckdb.orgcloud.google.com/­datastoreazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comduckdb.org/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsnsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperCognitectGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release20122018200820162017
Current release1.0.7075, December 20231.0.0, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C++Java, Scala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMserver-lesshostedhostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes, details hereyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query language (GQL)yesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsnousing Google App EngineTransact SQLno
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneMulti-source replication using Paxosyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes

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More resources
DatomicDuckDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNSDb
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