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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.commaxdb.sap.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrethinkdb.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperCockroach LabsSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997MicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 20178Kdata
Initial release20151984201920092016
Current release24.1.0, May 20247.9.10.12, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemedynamic schemayesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyClient-side triggers through changefeedsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange basedSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoAtomic single-document operationsno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infousers and table-level permissionsAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
CockroachDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRethinkDBToroDB
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