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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score1.64
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
maxdb.sap.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.heavy.aimaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCockroach LabsHEAVY.AI, Inc.SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Microsoft8Kdata
Initial release20152016198420192016
Current release24.1.0, May 20245.10, January 20227.9.10.12, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availablecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++ and CUDAC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemedynamic schemayesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding infoRound robinnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
CockroachDBHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022MaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDB
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