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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.74
Rank#67  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Score2.76
Rank#99  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.43
Rank#260  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score9.62
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.orgwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperCockroach LabsOntotextMicrosoftOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2015200020162014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2005
Current release24.1.0, May 202410.4, October 202310 R1, October 201812.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC++CC++
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsJDBCGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQLuser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnononoyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replicationyesMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoConstraint checkingno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
CockroachDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgres-XLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
News

GraphDB in Action: Using Semantics To Push The Envelope Of Software Engineering, Machine Learning, and E-Health Domains
11 September 2024

Accelerating End-to-end Knowledge Graph Solutions with Ontotext’s LinkedLifeData Inventory: The Case of Target Discovery
30 August 2024

Using Entity Linking to Turn Your Graph into a Knowledge Graph
23 August 2024

Considerations to Creating a Graph Center of Excellence: 5 Elements to Ensure Success
22 August 2024

The Power of Knowledge Graphs – A Chat with Perfect Memory and Ontotext
16 August 2024

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More resources
CockroachDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgres-XLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Recent citations in the news

Cockroach Labs shakes up its licensing to force bigger companies to pay
15 August 2024, TechCrunch

CockroachDB scuttles away from open source Core offering
19 August 2024, The Register

CockroachDB retires self-hosted Core offering, makes Enterprise version free for companies under $10M in annual revenue
15 August 2024, SDTimes.com

Cockroach Labs Deepens Partnership with Google Cloud, CockroachDB Selected to Join Google Distributed Cloud
9 April 2024, PR Newswire

Now CockroachDB Ditches Open-Source License
20 August 2024, It's FOSS News

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Ontotext’s GraphDB Solution Now Available on the Microsoft Azure Marketplace
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9 October 2023, PR Newswire

Ontotext Platform 3.0 for Enterprise Knowledge Graphs Released
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15 November 2023, StreetInsider.com

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General Available: Azure Synapse Runtime for Apache Spark 3.4 is now GA
8 April 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Azure Synapse Runtime for Apache Spark 3.2 End of Support
22 March 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Azure Synapse vs. Databricks: Data Platform Comparison 2024
26 March 2024, eWeek

Announcing General Availability of Graph Semantics in Kusto
27 May 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Migrate Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics to Amazon Redshift using AWS SCT
18 October 2023, AWS Blog

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Vertica on Kubernetes
20 June 2024, blogs.opentext.com

What’s New in OpenText Vertica
10 January 2024, blogs.opentext.com

Stonebraker Seeks to Invert the Computing Paradigm with DBOS
12 March 2024, Datanami

MapR Hadoop Upgrade Spins YARN, Supports HP Vertica Analytics Platform
31 May 2024, Data Center Knowledge

Querying a Vertica data source in Amazon Athena using the Athena Federated Query SDK
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