DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. NuoDB vs. OpenEdge

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. NuoDB vs. OpenEdge

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	3.51
Rank	#86	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.h2database.com

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.progress.com/openedge

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

doc.nuodb.com

documentation.progress.com/output/ua/OpenEdge_latest

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Google

Thomas Mueller

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Progress Software Corporation

Initial release

2015

2017

2005

2013

1984

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

OpenEdge 12.2, March 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

close to SQL 92

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Progress proprietary ABL (Advanced Business Language)

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

horizontal partitioning

since Version 11.4

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Users and groups

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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