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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comcloud.google.com/­datastoremaxdb.sap.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docscloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCockroach LabsGoogleSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Microsoft8Kdata
Initial release20152008198420192016
Current release24.1.0, May 20247.9.10.12, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnousing Google App EngineyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
CockroachDBGoogle Cloud DatastoreMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerToroDB
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