DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. SpaceTime vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. SpaceTime vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.h2database.com

www.mireo.com/spacetime

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Thomas Mueller

Mireo

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2015

2012

2005

2020

2019

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Java

C#
C++
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Fixed-grid hypercubes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

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