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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app development
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSVector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­search
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­search
DeveloperCockroach LabsThomas MuellerMicrosoft
Initial release2015201820052015
Current release24.1.0, May 20241.0.0, June 20242.2.220, July 2023V1
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
server-lessAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemedynamic schemayesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaC#
Java
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing Azure authentication

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More resources
CockroachDBDuckDBH2Microsoft Azure AI Search
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