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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. Firebird vs. H2

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. Firebird vs. H2

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comduckdb.orgwww.firebirdsql.orgwww.h2database.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsduckdb.org/­docswww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.html
DeveloperCockroach LabsFirebird FoundationThomas Mueller
Initial release201520182000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2005
Current release24.1.0, May 20240.10, February 20245.0.0, January 20242.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C and C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
server-lessAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Data schemedynamic schemayesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoPSQLJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTnoneSource-replica replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlnoUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CockroachDBDuckDBFirebirdH2
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