DBMS > ClickHouse vs. QuestDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. QuestDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

A high performance open source SQL database for time series data

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.34
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	2.52
Rank	#109	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	1.73
Rank	#143	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

clickhouse.com

questdb.io

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

clickhouse.com/docs

questdb.io/docs

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Clickhouse Inc.

QuestDB Technology Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Weaviate B.V.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2014

2019

Current release

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

1.19, May 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.

Implementation language

C++

Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust

Scala

Clojure

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

SQL with time-series extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

GraphQL is used as query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

PostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

over HTTP

Java
Python
R
Scala

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

key based and custom

horizontal partitioning (by timestamps)

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Source-replica replication with eventual consistency

none

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID for single-table writes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

through memory mapped files

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.