DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. Ingres vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. Ingres vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Data logging and graphing tool for time series data

The storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisper

Well established RDBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.34
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#73	Overall
	#5	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

clickhouse.com

cloud.google.com/spanner

github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

clickhouse.com/docs

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

graphite.readthedocs.io

docs.actian.com/ingres

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Clickhouse Inc.

Google

Chris Davis

Actian Corporation

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2016

2017

2006

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2004

Current release

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

11.2, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.

Implementation language

C++

Python

Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

hosted

Linux
Unix

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
Sockets

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

key based and custom

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

none

Ingres Replicator

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

locking

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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