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DBMS > Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RethinkDB vs. Trino

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score4.99
Rank#65  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrethinkdb.comtrino.io
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrethinkdb.com/­docstrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Trino Software Foundation
Initial release2010201920092012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL
Current release8.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases2.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageCC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesdepending on connected data-source
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes, depending on connected data-source
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyClient-side triggers through changefeedsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange baseddepending on connected data-source
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationdepending on connected data-source
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistencydepending on connected data-source
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic single-document operationsdepending on connected data-source
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesdepending on connected data-source
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infousers and table-level permissionsSQL standard access control
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRethinkDBTrino
Specific characteristicsTrino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
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