DBMS > Citus vs. Kingbase vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Kingbase vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.50
Rank	#257	Overall
	#119	Relational DBMS

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.citusdata.com

www.kingbase.com.cn

google.github.io/lovefield

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2010

1999

2014

2004

Current release

8.1, December 2018

V8.0, August 2021

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

Standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

JavaScript

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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